Forms

qinguan posted @ 2011年7月24日 23:39 in Lisp , 1083 阅读

——chapter3 Forms

Teach Yourself Scheme in Fixnum Days

在Scheme中，程序即数据。

到目前为止我们接触到的所有样例程序均是s-expressions。

但并不是所有的s-expressions都是自估值的，比如说点对。

在解释器中输入点对，会得到错误信息：

> (1 .2)
. . procedure application: expected procedure, given: 1; arguments were: 0.2
> '(1 . 2)
(1 . 2)

过程

Scheme提供了一些元过程，比如说cons、string->list，我们也可以通过lambda来定义：

> ((lambda (x) (+ x 2)) 3)
5
> (define add 
    (lambda (x) (+ x 2) ))
> (add 3)
5
> (define area 
    (lambda (widh height) (* widh height)))
> (area 2 4)
8
> (define area *)
> (area 2 4)
8
>

define area * ，则area相当于对参数连乘操作。

有些过程可以接受变参。lambda的参数可以是一个列表，形式通常为(x ...)或者(x ... .z)。

当参数是点对的时候，点之间的参数被绑定到lambda上，点之后的参数被绑定到一个列表上。

apply

> (define x '(1 3 2 ))
> (apply + x)
6
> (apply + 1 2 3 x)
12
>

序列

在scheme语句，lambda默认包含begin语句,如下两段代码效果一样:

(define display3
  (lambda (arg1 arg2 arg3)
    (begin
      (display arg1)
      (display " ")
      (display arg2)
      (display " ")
      (display arg3)
      (newline))))
(display3 1 2 3)
(define display_3
  (lambda (arg1 arg2 arg3)
      (display arg1)
      (display " ")
      (display arg2)
      (display " ")
      (display arg3)
      (newline)))
(display_3 1 2 3)

[回复]

λ 说:
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哈，LISP爱好者飘过，暂时还没深入学。

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